Damask is an ornamental fabric with a pattern woven directly into the cloth, traditionally in floral or geometric motifs. Made on a jacquard loom, damask is reversible, with the design appearing as a subtle contrast of matte and lustrous areas that catch the light differently. The terms damask and jacquard are often used interchangeably.
How damask is made
Damask is woven on a jacquard loom, which controls each thread individually to build an intricate pattern thread by thread rather than printing it on the surface. The design is created by contrasting two weave structures within the same cloth: one that reflects light and one that absorbs it. This interplay is what gives damask its characteristic sheen and its reversible nature, since the pattern simply reverses from front to back.
Damask and jacquard
Because damask is produced on a jacquard loom, the two words are closely related and frequently used to mean the same thing. The useful distinction is that jacquard describes the weaving method, while damask describes a specific, classic result of that method: a single-warp, reversible figured fabric, usually in one color, with elegant floral or geometric patterns. All damask is jacquard, but not all jacquard is damask.
Where you'll find it
Damask has graced fine homes for centuries and remains a hallmark of luxury. In linens it appears in sheeting, duvet covers, shams, and especially table linens, where its formal, light-catching patterns suit elegant dining. Its woven design is durable and will not fade or peel the way a printed pattern can, making damask pieces enduring as well as beautiful.
Caring for damask
Wash damask with a gentle, phosphate-free cleanser and avoid chlorine bleach to protect both the fibers and the woven pattern. A cool or warm gentle cycle is best, and pressing or ironing while slightly damp brings out the fabric's signature sheen. Low-heat drying or air-drying helps preserve the crispness of the design.
You may also enjoy reading what jacquard weave is and what matelassé is.
This guide was prepared by Fig Linens and Home, a specialist in luxury bedding, bath, and table linens.
